Everybody
knows that fat is bad for you. Right?
Well, not exactly.
It is fat that has been most unjustly demonized. We have been suffering from a low fat craze
for the last twenty years. Everybody
(well not really everyone!) has been convinced that fat is bad for us and should
be avoided at all costs. So what has
happened? We got fatter! Obesity rates are going through the
roof.
So yes, we need fats. They make up cell membranes and hormones, are
required for absorption of the fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), are
critical for infant brain development and the female reproductive system, and
provide energy. Ever wonder why everyone
seems to have a Vitamin D deficiency these days? Perhaps because they are not consuming the
right fats for Vitamin D metabolism.
There are two types of fats – saturated and
unsaturated (further defined as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated). One of the easiest ways to tell them apart is
that saturated fats are solid while unsaturated fats are liquid at room
temperature. Unsaturated fats are much
more sensitive to oxygen, light and heat.
This sensitivity underlies the critical nature of
fat you need to understand. When fats
are heated or exposed to excess light and oxygen they oxidize. It is dangerous when we consume oxidized
fats. Oxidation leads to inflammation
which damages cells and is linked to a variety of diseases including heart
disease.
Saturated fats are able to withstand greater
temperatures before oxidation occurs.
The most susceptible fats to oxidation are the unsaturated fats,
particularly the polyunsaturated ones such as vegetable oil, corn oil, soybean
oil, canola oil, and cottonseed oil. Note
that margarine is made from various combinations of these oils.
Therefore, when cooking with fats and oils we want
to use saturated fats such as butter, clarified butter (ghee), or coconut
oil. For salad dressing or other room
temperature uses olive oil is best.
Another fat we hear of are trans-fatty acids. These are formed during the process of hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is used to “stabilize”
vegetable oils so they will not oxidize and was initially developed to lengthen
shelf life of processed foods.
In the hydrogenation process polyunsaturated oils,
usually corn, soybean, safflower, or canola, are heated to high temperatures
and injected with hydrogen atoms. During
the heating process the nutrients in the oils are destroyed, the oils become
solid and have oxidized.
Trans-fats have been linked to many ailments,
including cancer, heart disease, and reproductive problems. Trans-fats are commonly found in commercial
baked goods, cookies, crackers, margarines, vegetable shortenings, and
processed dairy products.
What fats should I eat?
Your sources of healthy fat include: butter (and please use organic butter); extra
virgin olive oil, virgin coconut oil, fish oils, fresh flaxseed oil or ground
flax seeds; and chia seeds.
Additional
sources of healthy fats, although best to practice balance and moderation of
these foods: eggs; nuts and seeds such as almonds, cashews, walnuts, pumpkin
seeds, sunflower seeds, etc. (Please note that nuts and seeds are best raw and
then dehydrated); dairy foods such as cheese, cottage cheese, and yogurt
without added sugar (I recommend that all dairy be organic).
Avoid the following foods as they contain trans-fats
and oxidized oils: margarine (yes, even
the “smart” products); vegetable oil; corn oil; soybean oil; canola oil;
safflower oil; and sunflower oil.
Bernard Rosen, PhD is a Nutrition
Consultant and Educator. He works with individuals, groups, and at corporations
to create individualized nutrition and wellness programs. His office is in
Mequon, WI. To learn more or to schedule an appointment, e-mail at bernie@brwellness.com,
call (262) 389-9907 or go to www.brwellness.com.